MuscleTables
MuscleTables
Table1-5
MUSCLE
PROXIMAL
ATTACHMENT
(ORIGIN)
DISTAL
ATTACHMENT
(INSERTION)
INNERVATION
MAIN ACTIONS
BLOOD SUPPLY
MUSCLE
GROUP
Scalene (anterior)
Anterior tubercles of
transverse
processes of
C3–C6
Scalene tubercle on
1st rib
Anterior rami of
cervical
nerves
(C5–C8)
Elevates 1st rib,
bends neck
Ascending cervical branch
of inferior thyroid artery
Prevertebral
Scalene (medius)
Posterior tubercles of
transverse
processes of
C2–C7
Upper surface of 1st
rib (behind
subclavian
groove)
Anterior rami
of cervical
nerves
(C3–C7)
Elevates 1st rib,
bends neck
Muscular branches of
ascending cervical
artery
Prevertebral
Scalene (posterior)
Posterior tubercles of
transverse
processes of
C4–C6
Outer surface of 2nd
rib (behind
attachment of
serratus
anterior)
Anterior rami of
lower four
cervical
nerves
Elevates 2nd rib,
bends neck
Muscular branches of
ascending cervical
division of inferior
thyroid artery,
superficial branch of
transverse cervical
artery
Prevertebral
Sphincter pupillae
Circular smooth
muscle of iris
that passes
around pupil
Blends with dilator
pupillae fibers
Parasympathetic
fibers via
oculomotor
nerve (CN III)
Constricts pupil
Ophthalmic artery
Intrinsic eye
Stapedius
Pyramidal eminence
of temporal bone
Stapes
Facial nerve
Pulls stapes
posteriorly to
lessen oscillation
of tympanic
membrane
Posterior auricular, anterior
tympanic, and middle
meningeal arteries
Middle ear
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternal head:
anterior
surface of
manubrium
Clavicular head:
upper surface of
medial 1/3 of
clavicle
Lateral surface of
mastoid
process; lateral
half of superior
nuchal line of
occipital bone
Accessory nerve
(CN XI)
Bilaterally:
flex head,
raise thorax
Unilaterally:
turns
face toward
opposite side
Sternocleidomastoid branch
of superior thyroid and
occipital arteries,
muscular branch of
suprascapular artery,
occipital branch of
posterior auricular
artery
Neck
Sternohyoid
Posterior surface of
manubrium
sterni, posterior
sternoclavicular
ligament, medial
end of clavicle
Medial part of lower
border of body
of hyoid bone
Ansa cervicalis
Depresses larynx
and hyoid bone,
steadies hyoid
bone
Sternocleidomastoid and
hyoid branches of
superior thyroid artery,
hyoid branch of lingual
artery
Infrahyoid
Sternothyroid
Posterior surface of
manubrium sterni
below and deep
to origin of
sternohyoid,
edge of first
costal cartilage
Oblique line on
lamina of
thyroid cartilage
Ansa cervicalis
Depresses larynx
and thyroid
cartilage
Cricothyroid branch of
superior thyroid artery
Infrahyoid
Styloglossus
Styloid process and
stylohyoid
ligament
Lateral and inferior
aspect of
tongue
Hypoglossal
nerve (CN XII)
Retracts tongue and
draws it up for
swallowing
Sublingual artery
Extrinsic tongue
Stylohyoid
Posterior border of
styloid process
Body of hyoid bone
at junction with
greater horn
Facial nerve
Elevates hyoid bone
and base of
tongue
Muscular branches of facial
artery, muscular
branches of occipital
artery
Suprahyoid
Stylopharyngeus
Medial aspect of
styloid process
Pharyngeal wall
Glossopharyngeal
nerve (CN IX)
Elevates pharynx
and larynx
during
swallowing and
speaking
Ascending pharyngeal
artery, ascending
palatine and tonsillar
branches of facial
artery, dorsal branches
of lingual artery
Longitudinal
pharyngeal
Subclavius
Upper border of 1st
rib and its
cartilage
Inferior surface of
middle third of
clavicle
Nerve to
subclavius
Anchors and
depresses
clavicle
Clavicular branch of
thoraco-acromial artery
Neck
Superior longitudinal
muscle of
tongue
Submucous fibers at
back of tongue
Tip of tongue; unites
with muscle of
opposite side
Hypoglossal
nerve (CN XII)
Shortens tongue,
turns tip and
sides upward
Deep lingual branch of
lingual artery, branches
from facial artery
Intrinsic tongue
Superior oblique
Body of sphenoid
(above optic
foramen), medial
to origin of
superior rectus
Passes through
trochlea,
attaches to
superior sclera
between
superior and
lateral recti
Trochlear nerve
(CN IV)
Abducts, depresses,
and medially
rotates eyeball
Ophthalmic artery
Extra-ocular
